River Deltas and Sea-Level Rise
نویسندگان
چکیده
Future sea-level rise poses an existential threat for many river deltas, yet quantifying the effect of changes on these coastal landforms remains a challenge. Sea-level have been slow compared to other processes during instrumental record, such that our knowledge comes primarily from models, experiments, and geologic record. Here we review current state science delta response change, including models observations Holocene until 2300 CE. We report improvements in detection modeling past future regional better understanding underlying sources uncertainty. also see significant morphodynamic models. Still, substantial uncertainties remain, notably present subsidence rates near deltas. Observations submergence land loss due modern remain elusive, posing major challenges model validation. ▪ There are large differences initiation time subsequent progradation Holocene, likely different sediment supply histories. Modern deltas larger will face faster than their growth, making them susceptible forced transgression. Regional projections much improved decade now isolate dominant uncertainty, as Antarctic ice sheet. Vertical motion can be source relative change uncertainty; limited complicate projections. River globally might lose 5% (∼35,000 km 2 ) surface area by 2100 50% under high-emission scenario.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0084-6597', '1545-4495']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-093732